41q: Methotrexate is used in all except ?
a. choriocarcinoma
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. psoriasis
d. osteoarthritis
Actually it is used in all the above conditions...but the best answer here will be osteoarthritis coz methotrexate is used only in a subset of patients with Erosive form of osteo which is not responding to standard line of managment....as such methotrexate isnt indicated in osteoarithritis..
Methotrxate is considered to be DOC in case of psoriatic arthropathy though nowdays Etanarecept is increasingly being used.
Choriocarcinoma is one of the tumors that is most sensitive to chemotherapy. The cure rate, even for metastatic choriocarcinoma, is around 90-95%. Virtually everyone without metastases can be cured; however, metastatic disease to the kidneys and/or brain is usually fatal. At present, treatment with single-agent methotrexate or actinomycin D is recommended for low-risk disease, while intense combination regimens including EMACO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclosphosphamide and oncovin) are recommended for intermediate or high-risk disease.
and obviously methotrexate is one of the DMARDs for RA...
42q: this layer of cornea has no regenerative capacity-
a. stroma/bowmans capsule
b. endothelium
c. epithelium
d. descemets membrane
This is the best answer here . Actually the Corneal Endothelium is a misnomer..its isn't the actual endothelium that we know of, it isnt bathed by blood or lymph and its origin are completely different.
Unlike Corneal epithelium.. the corneal endothelium cells do not regenerate...instead they stretch to accomadate the dead cells.....this has certain effect on the fluid balance of the stroma.
If there was no bowmans membrane along wid stroma, i would have been tempted to mark that too as its just a condensation of collagen fibres with no keratinocytes.
You might argue that even corneal stromal layer is aggregation of collagen fibres, but it does have kertainocytes interpresed in between the parallely arranged collagen fibres.
Hence the best answer here would be Corneal Endothelium according to best of my knowledge..
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